OpenStax, Algebra and Trigonometry 2e §8.1 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions · Example 4 · Trigonometry · Graphs of trig functions

Identifying the Vertical Shift of a Function

Determine the direction and magnitude of the vertical shift for $f (x) = cos (x) - 3.$

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OpenStax, Algebra and Trigonometry 2e · §8.1 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions · Example 4

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