Logic

Solve these puzzles by testing possibilities, not by calculating. List the few cases that could be true, then check each one against every clue. If a case forces a contradiction—like someone both telling the truth and lying—discard it. The case that survives is the answer. With knights and knaves, assume a speaker is a knight; if their statement then becomes false, the assumption was wrong and they are a knave. With statements about how many are false, guess a number, count the false statements, and see whether the count matches the guess. One consistent case is enough.